Raffaele Secchi

Rolling out lean production systems in MNCs is a complex knowledge transfer process whose design and implementation, though critical to operations performance, is underinves-tigated. Applying conceptual tools drawn from knowledge diffusion, organizational innova-tion and capability theories in international business, this exploratory study: a) classifies and interprets lean roll-out processes in MNCs; b) develops, through the cross-case analysis of seven plants, three testable propositions about how to conduct successful lean roll-outs. We posit that an approach based on collaborative learning between headquarters and sub-sidiaries, selective codification of lean knowledge, larger plant autonomy, and prevalence of contextual ambidexterity drives better roll-out performances.

With the introduction of Travel (or Transportation) Demand Management (TDM), literature widely agreed that mobility is a matter of managing the demand side, especially in urban areas where accessibility has hardly modifiable physical constraints. In this context, the improvement of parking management is one of the main drivers for managing the demand side of transportation: design, location, pricing and enforcement of parking directly impact on traffic. Congestion is, in fact, caused by the imbalance between demand and supply and the lack, or mismanagement, of parking accounts for a considerable share of this: Shoup (Cruising for Parking, Transport Policy 2006) concludes that vehicles "cruising" for an available parking generate at least 8% of the total traffic. In a logistics perspective, this share of congestion is caused by the decoupling between stocks (available parking), scattered within a decentralized network of warehouses with fixed capacity (parking lots), and flows (traffic) representing a poorly predictable demand. Tackling traffic congestion in urban areas may thus be seen as a logistics problem of inventory management. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new research stream in the field of TDM by applying logistics principles and tools to the matter of parking management. Further research will involve the collection of empirical data to measure the intensity of this relation, and to explore the possibility of individuating the decoupling point beyond which available parking will stock out.

Rolling out lean production systems in MNCs is a complex knowledge transfer process whose design and implementation, though critical to operations performance, is underinvestigated. Applying conceptual tools drawn from knowledge diffusion, organiza-tional innovation and capability theories in international business, this exploratory study: a) classifies and interprets lean roll-out processes in MNCs; b) develops, through the cross-case analysis of seven plants, three testable propositions about how to conduct successful lean roll-outs. We posit that an approach based on collaborative learning between headquarters and subsidiaries, selective codification of lean knowledge, larger plant autonomy, and prevalence of contextual ambidexterity drives better roll-out performances.