Gloria Puliga

Background: This study explores sourcing risk in supply chains by identifying key risk categories, trends, and management strategies. It responds to increased vulnerabilities exposed by recent global disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical conflicts. Methods: The research applies a Systematic Literature Network Analyses (SLNA) combined with textual analysis to examine 687 peer-reviewed publications over the past three decades using the PRISMA protocol. Citation network analysis, keyword co-occurrence mapping, and main path analysis were conducted to map intellectual developments. Additionally, textual analysis using the Semantic Brand Score (SBS) approach revealed thematic relevance, novelty, and impact. Results: A shift exists from foundational supplier optimization models to resilience-building/strengthening, ethical sourcing, and technology-enabled strategies. Responsible sourcing and modern slavery were found to be the most innovative and underexplored areas. Research on sector-specific challenges, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises, remains limited. Conclusions: Sourcing risk has become a systemic challenge requiring resilience, ethics, and data-driven coordination across supply networks.

Patents are the most important tool to protect innovation and support the value creation process in early-stage financing as well as in Private Capital investments. This work studies the growing body of academic literature concerning the relations between Private Equity, Venture Capital and patents and formulates a theoretical framework and an agenda for future research. We review the specific body of research resulting from the entwining of corporate finance and innovation management. Through a bibliometric analysis of the literature, we adopt a quantitative approach to develop a content analysis on the 292 articles found. We present the open debate related to the improvement of the metrics to proxy the technological value of a company's innovation, especially in relation to startups and venture capital investments. We assess the key contributions, thematic clusters and emerging themes, formulating a theoretical framework grounded on the state of research. Additionally, we highlight the lack of integration of findings on signalling before the investment and the strategic use of Intellectual Property Protection Mechanisms assets by the investor to create value during the holding period. Finally, we outline future venues of research in the study of the relations between investments in innovative companies and positive socio-economic externalities.

In a dynamic world, full of opportunity, the development of tools able to support companies in the decision-making process plays a crucial role. In this paper, a new decision support system is presented. The tool developed is an agent-based simulator, which helps managers and decision maker in formulating choices to improve firms’ performance in terms of innovation. Both economic and innovation performance are considered. The economic performance is evaluated using firms’ profit, whereas the innovation performance is evaluated using the Innovation Patent Index (IPI) based on patent data. In particular, the paper shows how the newly developed tool can be used by managers to investigate the impact of open and closed innovation on the economic and innovation performance of firms through the “what-if” analysis. The results show that the tool is a very timely, useful and friendly instrument to investigate open and closed innovation used to improve the economic and innovation performance of firms.

Purpose: The study aims to test the success of university-industry (U-I) collaboration in terms of innovation process efficiency. Then, this study explores the moderating role of a set of organizational routines in the U-I relationship, which can help in overcoming the issues undermining the collaboration success. Design/methodology/approach: The study is based on an international Open Innovation (OI) survey. The survey investigated the items to build the main variables of the conceptual framework, measured through seven-point Likert scales. Steps to ensure the reliability and validity of the variables were conducted. Then, hypotheses were tested with an ordinary least squares regression. Findings. Results show that the higher the collaboration intensity (depth) with universities, the higher the innovation process efficiency. Furthermore, organizational routines aimed at improving firms’ assimilation absorptive capacity further strengthen the positive effects of intensive collaboration on innovation process efficiency. Practical implications: Findings indicate that R&D managers should strive to build deep collaborations with universities to enhance process efficiency and invest in the quality of these relationships. Managers should create and maintain an internal environment that further enhances the positive effects of intensive collaboration on innovation process efficiency. Originality/value: The OI literature has not reached a shared view on the positive contribution of universities toward industrial firms’ innovation performance. The study adopts a process-efficiency view, rarely used by other OI studies usually focused on output indicators; this study unpacks, respectively, the role of the intensity of collaboration and the organizational routines, thus disclosing the benefit of U-I collaboration on innovation efficiency.

Urban infrastructures and services-such as public transportation, innovation bodies and environmental services-are important drivers for the sustainable development of our society. How effectively citizens, institutions and enterprises interact, how quickly technological innovations are implemented and how carefully new policies are pursued, synergically determine development. In this work, data related to urban infrastructure features such as patents and recycled waste referred to 106 province areas in Italy are investigated over a period of twenty years (2001–2020). Scaling laws with exponents characterizing the above mentioned features are observed and adopted to scrutinize whether and how multiple interactions within a population have amplification effects on the recycling and innovation performance. The study shows that there is a multiplication effect of the population size on the innovation performance of territories, meaning that the dynamic interactions among the elements of the innovation eco-systems in a territory increase its innovation performance. We discuss how to use such approach and the related indexes for understanding metropolitan development policy.

A company's growth depends not only on its achievements but also on how it can recover from failures. The study of innovation failure and learning-from-failure has gained attention over the years. Described as a complex problem, the dynamic of learning occurs as a non-linear phenomenon. Therefore, this study develops an agent-based model to examine and investigate, as a complex system, the impact on firms' performance of two main possible strategies of learning-from-failure, i.e. (1) the leveraging of the own experience and (2) the use of external resources. The findings suggest that embracing a learning-from-failure strategy in the innovation process enhances the firms' performance. In addition, the innovation intensity of the sector influences the impact of the strategy chosen. Comparing the use of internal vs external resources, the former seems to be a better strategy for enhancing the company's performance.
•Learning from failure is a window of wisdom but it is an understudied phenomenon.•Learning from failure can be addressed by leveraging internal or external resources.•An ABM has been developed to examine learning from innovation failure.•Adopting a learning-from-failure strategy enhances firm performance.•The developed ABM support managers to learn from failures by means of simulations.

The aim of this study is to examine the implications of knowledge collaboration in open innovation and the role of digital technology therein. The paper draws on a survey of manufacturing firms from Italy, Sweden, France and Spain. The results show that knowledge collaboration with external partners has a significant effect on innovation novelty but not on innovation efficiency. In addition, the results show that digital technology moderates the relationship between knowledge collaboration and innovation efficiency but not the relationship between knowledge collaboration and innovation novelty. Overall, this study contributes to the growing discussion about the benefits of adopting digital technologies in open innovation processes by investigating whether and under which conditions knowledge collaboration is beneficial.

Firm performance is an important output that managers should control. Of the several perspectives taken to analyse performance within companies, innovation performance and economic performance are especially relevant. Joint patents are an important but overlooked strategy that firms can use to improve their performance. In this paper, an agent-based model and simulator (PABIM) is developed to investigate the impact of noncopatenting and copatenting strategies on economic and innovation performance. Economic performance is evaluated by observing turnover, whereas innovation performance is evaluated using the Innovation Patent Index (IPI). IPI is based on five patent features, each of them defined using machine learning algorithms. The results show that, depending on the innovation intensity of the sector, both noncopatenting and copatenting strategies can be effective to improve both the economic and innovation performance.

Collaboration between research and industry is fundamental for technology innovation. Most existing research in this domain has focused on the drivers or enabling factors that lead to the success of such collaboration. On the contrary, the lack of information about collaboration failures in research-industry settings still represents one of the main obstacles to studying this topic. In this paper, we argue that management scholars should deepen inquiry on unsuccessful research-industry collaborations, as these occurrences may also have major repercussions in terms of business failures. Accordingly, we take stock of research on unsuccessful collaborations in the Big Science context, a special open innovation environment characterised by unexplored cases of research-industry collaboration failures. To address the need to investigate the drivers of failure in this context, we leverage a multiple case study analysis with a retrospective approach of a polar sample type of six case studies of collaborations between CERN – the biggest fundamental research organisation in the world – and supplier companies: three collaborations that have been recognised as successful, and three that have been recognised as failures. By doing so, we aim to provide a framework highlighting the main drivers that lead to failures of collaborations in this peculiar open innovation context and to shed light on the reasons why research-industry collaborations may fail in the Big Science context.

This study investigates sustainability-oriented innovation (SOI) in the agri-food sector, which is one of the most influential industries in a country, through empirical analysis involving patents. Specifically, the causal relationship between SOI outputs and economic performance in the agri-food sector, as well as the moderating role of co-patenting, are investigated. Economic performance is measured based on firms' production value and EBITDA growth. SOI is evaluated using SOI patents, that is, patents that refer to SOI concepts, as defined in the literature. After a general investigation involving 1,938,355 patents (the number of patents in the agri-food sector from 2000 to 2019), the panel data regression models demonstrate that in the agri-food sector: (1) SOI outputs are related to economic performance, measured as production value growth and EBITDA growth, and (2) co-patenting moderates specific circumstances. Thus, the results confirm that economic performance and SOI outputs are linked. Moreover, to increase firms' economic performance, it may also be important to increase the development of joint patents in the agri-food sector.