Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the implications of knowledge collaboration in open innovation and the role of digital technology therein. The paper draws on a survey of manufacturing firms from Italy, Sweden, France and Spain. The results show that knowledge collaboration with external partners has a significant effect on innovation novelty but not on innovation efficiency. In addition, the results show that digital technology moderates the relationship between knowledge collaboration and innovation efficiency but not the relationship between knowledge collaboration and innovation novelty. Overall, this study contributes to the growing discussion about the benefits of adopting digital technologies in open innovation processes by investigating whether and under which conditions knowledge collaboration is beneficial.