Abstract
Caster Semenya is a South African athlete famous for winning Olympic medals in the middle distance race, her specialty. She was recently the subject of a decision by the Court of Arbitration for Sport. Caster's body naturally produces, and not through doping, a quantity of testosterone which according to her competitors and the IAAF makes her to gain an unfair advantage in athletic competitions. This hormonal production is due to the syndrome that characterizes Caster from her birth, namely the 46XY. In order to "equalize" the "forces" on the athletic track, the IAAF has set a limit of 5 nanomoles of testosterone per liter of blood on the runners who had the 46XY syndrome. Caster challenged this provision before the CAS and the IAAF suspended it for a certain period. On May 1st 2019, the Court of Arbitration for Sport rejected her claim, and in the meantime Caster changed her sport goals.The interest of this decision goes beyond the athletics matter because it imposes a gender conformity even to the detriment of the health and of individual qualities that should make each person unique. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate why the CAF decision does not only concern the health of the athletes, but it consists of the violation of a barrier that must remain insurmountable: the respect for the dignity (and therefore for the characteristics) of the person.