Abstract
The aim of this article is to illustrate the juridical debate on scientific evolution, especially in pharmacogenetic. The first section shows the most important theories on genetic heritage as common good; the second one explains the relationship between patents and access to drugs; the third one investigates the advantages (or disavantages) of patient-tailored medicines; the fourth section presents the new US regulation on "Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act 2008"; the fifth one points out which principles of the European Charter of Fundamental Rights are connected in this issue.