Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the coherence between sustainability conceptualization (the "what") and its implementation (the "how") in terms of implemented actions and stakeholders' interactions. The paper proposes a grid approach for the simultaneous evaluation of sustainability conceptualization and implementation. Design/methodology/approach: This research is based on a multiple case study conducted in ten Italian Universities. In-depth interviews with general directors and administrative staff responsible for sustainable activities have been conducted together with documents and websites analysis. Findings: The coherence between sustainability conceptualization and its implementation showed heterogeneity of practice. Results propose a grid approach, which highlights six different approaches to explain the connection between the "what" and the "how" of sustainability. Research limitations/implications: The research is focused on Italian universities and may have overlooked approaches to campus sustainability specific of other countries. Practical implications: Understanding the coherence between the "what" and the "how" of sustainability can provide university managers with a practical tool of analysis when approaching and evaluating the sustainable campus. Originality/value: While higher education scholars are widely exploring the conceptualization of a sustainable campus and its implementation, little is known about the coherence between these two realms, despite their importance to facilitate the transition of sustainability vision into real practice. This study contributes to this area by proposing a grid approach to evaluate the coherence between sustainability conceptualization and implementation.
